Transplantation of fetal spinal tissue, fetal brain cortex, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), peripheral nerve grafts, and Schwann cells after SCI have all been shown to improve locomotor recovery, ,, ,, , suggesting that the chronic post-injury period may be a feasible target for repair. Several studies have investigated chronic SCI models using whole tissue grafts and peripheral nervous system (PNS) cells. alone (Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center) thus, a chronic transplantation model is highly clinically relevant. There are over 1,275,000 individuals living with chronic SCI in the U.S. In rodent contusion injury models these criteria are met beginning at approximately 30 days post-injury (dpi). The continuum from acute to chronic injury both in animal models and clinically is defined by the transition from a dynamic to a relatively stable injury environment, and when behavioral recovery reaches a plateau. SCI therapies can target acute, sub-acute, or chronic time points post-injury. Therapeutic transplantation of stem cell populations may promote functional recovery by providing trophic support, modifying the host environment to create a permissive environment for endogenous regeneration/repair, or by replacing neurons and/or oligodendrocytes. The pathology of SCI is characterized by the loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes, axonal injury, and demyelination/dysmyelination of spared axons. Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in partial or complete paralysis along with sensory loss below the level ofinjury. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Anderson has served as a paid consultant to StemCells, Inc. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: Nobuko Uchida is a paid employee of StemCells, Inc. Salazar was supported by CIRM stem cell training grant T1-00008 and UC AGEP fellowship NSF HRD0450366. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS) R43 NS046975, NIH/NINDS R01 NS049885, and CRF AAC-2005 to A.J. Received: JanuAccepted: JPublished: August 18, 2010Ĭopyright: © 2010 Salazar et al. PLoS ONE 5(8):Įditor: Fabrizio Gelain, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy Citation: Salazar DL, Uchida N, Hamers FPT, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ (2010) Human Neural Stem Cells Differentiate and Promote Locomotor Recovery in an Early Chronic Spinal coRd Injury NOD- scid Mouse Model.
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